算数【基本】ばらす・まとめる計算
問1
分配法則を使って、式をまとめてみましょう。
例)2 × 5 + 2 × 7 = 2 × (5 + 7)
(1)5 × 82 + 48 × 5 – 5 × 30 =
(2)18 + 18 × 9 =
(3)25 × 28 – 25 × 27 =
(4)12 × 63 + 3 × 4 × 37 =
(5)96 – 3 × 8 + 4 × 9 =
- 答え
- (1)5 × (82 + 48 – 30)
(2)18 × (1 + 9)
(3)25 × (28 – 27)
(4)12 × (63 + 37)
(5)12 × (8 – 2 + 3)
- 解き方
- (1)5 × 82 + 48 × 5 – 5 × 30 = 5 × 82 + 5 × 48 – 5 × 30 = 5 × (82 + 48 – 30)
※48 × 5 = 5 × 48(交換法則)
(2)18 + 18 × 9 = 18 × 1 + 18 × 9 = 18 × (1 + 9)
(3)25 × 28 – 25 × 27 = 25 × (28 – 27)
(4)12 × 63 + 3 × 4 × 37 = 12 × 63 + 12 × 37 = 12 × (63 + 37)
(5)96 – 3 × 8 + 4 × 9 = 12 × 8 – 3 × 4 × 2 + 4 × 3 × 3 = 12 × 8 – 12 × 2 + 12 × 3 = 12 × (8 – 2 + 3)
※まとめることで、複雑な計算が簡単な計算になる場合があります。
問2
次の計算をしなさい。
(1)777 × 20 + 777 × 80 =
(2)13 × 1331 – 13 × 331 =
(3)37 × 76 + 37 × 68 – 44 × 37 =
(4)89 × 101 – 89 =
(5)9 × 22 + 9 × 78 =
- 答え
- (1)77700
(2)13000
(3)3700
(4)8900
(5)900
- 解き方
- (1)777 × 20 + 777 × 80 = 777 × (20 + 80) = 777 × 100 = 77700
(2)13 × 1331 – 13 × 331 = 13 × (1331 – 331) = 13 × 1000 = 13000
(3)37 × 76 + 37 × 68 – 44 × 37 = 37 × (76 + 68 – 44) = 37 × 100 = 3700
(4)89 × 101 – 89 = 89 × (101 – 1) = 89 × 100 = 8900
(5)9 × 22 + 9 × 78 = 9 × (22 + 78) = 9 × 100 = 900
問3
次の計算をしなさい。
(1)625 × 16 =
(2)75 × 32 – 25 × 36 =
(3)625 × 8 – 125 × 16 + 250 × 4 =
(4)25 × 32 × 625 =
(5)125 × 35 – 375 × 9 =
- ヒント
- 数をばらして計算しやすい順番に並べかえたり、計算しやすいようにまとめましょう!
- 答え
- (1)10000
(2)1500
(3)4000
(4)500000
(5)1000
- 解き方
- (1)625 × 16 = 25 × 25 × 4 × 4 = 100 × 100 = 10000
(2)75 × 32 – 25 × 36 = 3 × 25 × 4 × 8 – 25 × 4 × 9 = 24 × 100 – 100 × 9 = 1500
(3)625 × 8 – 125 × 16 + 250 × 4 = 125 × 5 × 8 – 125 × 8 × 2 + 1000 = 1000 × (5 – 2) + 1000 = 4000
(4)25 × 32 × 625 = 25 × 4 × 8 × 125 × 5 = 100 × 1000 × 5 = 500000
(5)125 × 35 – 375 × 9 = 125 × 35 – 125 × 3 × 9 = 125 × (35 – 27) = 125 × 8 = 1000
※25 × 4 = 100、125 × 8 = 1000はもちろん、その他の25の倍数、125の倍数も覚えておきましょう!
125 = 25 × 5
625 = 25 × 25 = 125 × 5