算数【基本】逆算

逆算とは、計算結果から計算の過程で用いる数を求めることです。\(\boxed{ }\) に入る数を求めなさい。

問1

たし算とひき算の逆算です。

ヒント
「=」をまたいで移動すると「+」は「-」に、「-」は「+」に変わります!
\(\boxed{ }\) + a – b = c
\(\boxed{ }\) + \(\cancel{a}\) – \(\cancel{a}\) – \(\cancel{b}\) + \(\cancel{b}\) = c – a + b
\(\boxed{ }\) = c – a + b

(1)\(\boxed{ }\) + 22 = 35

答え(1)
13
解き方(1)
\(\boxed{ }\) + 22 = 35
\(\boxed{ }\) = 35 – 22
\(\boxed{ }\) = 13

(2)48 + \(\boxed{ }\) = 60

答え(2)
12
解き方(2)
48 + \(\boxed{ }\) = 60
\(\boxed{ }\) + 48 = 60
\(\boxed{ }\) = 60 – 48
\(\boxed{ }\) = 12

(3)\(\boxed{ }\) – 108 = 25

答え(3)
133
解き方(3)
\(\boxed{ }\) – 108 = 25
\(\boxed{ }\) = 25 + 108
\(\boxed{ }\) = 133

(4)155 – \(\boxed{ }\) = 92

ヒント(4)
「- \(\boxed{ }\)」は「+ \(\boxed{ }\)」になるように、式を変形してから\(\boxed{ }\)を求めましょう!
答え(4)
63
解き方(4)
155 – \(\boxed{ }\) = 92
155 = 92 + \(\boxed{ }\)
92 + \(\boxed{ }\) = 155
\(\boxed{ }\) = 155 – 92 = 63

問2

かけ算とわり算の逆算です。

ヒント
「=」をまたいで移動すると「×」は「÷」に、「÷」は「×」に変わります!
\(\boxed{ }\) × a ÷ b = c
\(\boxed{ }\) × \(\cancel{a}\) ÷ \(\cancel{a}\) ÷ \(\cancel{b}\) × \(\cancel{b}\) = c ÷ a × b
\(\boxed{ }\) = c ÷ a × b

(1)\(\boxed{ }\) × 25 = 625

答え(1)
25
解き方(1)
\(\boxed{ }\) × 25 = 625
\(\boxed{ }\) = 625 ÷ 25 = 25

(2)78 × \(\boxed{ }\) = 312

答え(2)
4
解き方(2)
78 × \(\boxed{ }\) = 312
\(\boxed{ }\) × 78 = 312
\(\boxed{ }\) = 312 ÷ 78 = 4

(3)\(\boxed{ }\) ÷ 13 = 9

答え(3)
117
解き方(3)
\(\boxed{ }\) ÷ 13 = 9
\(\boxed{ }\) = 9 × 13 = 117

(4)36 ÷ \(\boxed{ }\) = 12

ヒント(4)
「÷ \(\boxed{ }\)」は「× \(\boxed{ }\)」になるように、式を変形してから\(\boxed{ }\)を求めましょう!
答え(4)
3
解き方(4)
36 ÷ \(\boxed{ }\) = 12
36 = 12 × \(\boxed{ }\)
12 × \(\boxed{ }\) = 36
\(\boxed{ }\) = 36 ÷ 12 = 3

問3

四則混合の逆算です。「計算の順番」や「一つのまとまりにできる部分」に注意しましょう。

(1)27 – \(\boxed{ }\) × 4 = 11

答え(1)
4
解き方(1)
27 – \(\boxed{ }\) × 4 = 11
11 + \(\boxed{ }\) × 4 = 27
\(\boxed{ }\) × 4 = 27- 11
\(\boxed{ }\) = (27- 11) ÷ 4 = 4

(2)120 ÷ \(\boxed{ }\) – 2 = 8

答え(2)
12
解き方(2)
120 ÷ \(\boxed{ }\) – 2 = 8
120 ÷ \(\boxed{ }\) = 8 + 2 = 10
10 × \(\boxed{ }\) = 120
\(\boxed{ }\) = 120 ÷ 10 = 12

(3)( 7 + \(\boxed{ }\) ) × 6 = 72

答え(3)
5
解き方(3)
( 7 + \(\boxed{ }\) ) × 6 = 72
7 + \(\boxed{ }\) = 72 ÷ 6 = 12
\(\boxed{ }\) = 12 – 7 = 5

(4)28 ÷ ( 9 – \(\boxed{ }\) ) = 7

答え(4)
5
解き方(4)
28 ÷ ( 9 – \(\boxed{ }\) ) = 7
28 = 7 × ( 9 – \(\boxed{ }\) )
9 – \(\boxed{ }\) = 28 ÷ 7 = 4
4 + \(\boxed{ }\) = 9
\(\boxed{ }\) = 9 – 4 = 5

(5)( \(\boxed{ }\) × 3 – 6 ) ÷ 2 = 12

答え(5)
10
解き方(5)
( \(\boxed{ }\) × 3 – 6 ) ÷ 2 = 12
\(\boxed{ }\) × 3 – 6 = 12 × 2 = 24
\(\boxed{ }\) × 3 = 24 + 6 = 30
\(\boxed{ }\) = 30 ÷ 3 = 10

(6)18 – ( 21 – \(\boxed{ }\) ÷ 3 ) = 3

答え(6)
18
解き方(6)
18 – ( 21 – \(\boxed{ }\) ÷ 3 ) = 3
3 + ( 21 – \(\boxed{ }\) ÷ 3 ) = 18
21 – \(\boxed{ }\) ÷ 3 = 18 – 3 = 15
15 + \(\boxed{ }\) ÷ 3 = 21
\(\boxed{ }\) ÷ 3 = 21 – 15 = 6
\(\boxed{ }\) = 6 × 3 = 18